AN ANALYSIS OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE IN SOUR ALBUM BY OLIVIA RODRIGO’S

Ana, Ki Ina Rusulu (2026) AN ANALYSIS OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE IN SOUR ALBUM BY OLIVIA RODRIGO’S. Undergraduate (S1) thesis, Uin syekh wasil kediri.

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Abstract

Figurative language is an important aspect of literary and artistic works because it allows authors and songwriters to convey emotions, ideas, and experiences beyond literal meanings. In song lyrics, figurative language enriches aesthetic value and enables listeners to interpret implied messages more deeply. However, previous studies have mostly focused on identifying the types of figurative language without comprehensively interpreting the meanings conveyed by those expressions. Therefore, this study aims to identify the types of figurative language and interpret the meanings conveyed in Olivia Rodrigo’s sour album. This research employed a descriptive qualitative method. The data source consisted of eleven selected songs, namely Drivers License, Déjà Vu, Good 4 U, Brutal, Jealousy, Jealousy, Traitor, Favorite Crime, Happier, 1 Step Forward, 3 Steps Back, Enough for You, and Hope Ur OK. The data were collected through several procedures, including reading, identifying, classifying, and interpreting figurative expressions found in the song lyrics. Perrine’s (2021) theory was used to classify the types of figurative language, while Leech’s (2021) semantic theory was applied to interpret the meanings conveyed in the lyrics. The findings revealed eight types of figurative language, namely hyperbole, metaphor, irony, paradox, simile, personification, understatement (litotes), and apostrophe, Hyperbole was the most dominant type with 121 data, followed by metaphor 93, irony 25, paradox 13, simile 8, personification 5, and understatement 3. Furthermore, the meanings conveyed through figurative language were predominantly affective meaning and connotative meaning, indicating that the album strongly emphasizes emotional expression and implied interpretations. The figurative expressions mainly represent themes of heartbreak, jealousy, insecurity, disappointment, anger, emotional vulnerability, and adolescent identity struggles. Therefore, figurative language significantly contributes to expressing emotional depth and aesthetic value in contemporary song lyrics and may also serve as authentic learning material to help students understand non-literal meanings in English language learning.

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