Lexical Density and Readability Analysis of Reading Texts on Bahasa Inggris Tingkat Lanjut Kelas XI Textbook

Assakhi, Sanna Mohammad (2026) Lexical Density and Readability Analysis of Reading Texts on Bahasa Inggris Tingkat Lanjut Kelas XI Textbook. Undergraduate (S1) thesis, UIN Syekh Wasil Kediri.

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Abstract

Considering the purpose of the text is to expose students with readable text, the need to uncover how readable a reading text is necessary to determine its complexity level. In an academic setting, textbook as an example of the essence to explore as it is a crucial resource for both teachers and students. In this context, Bahasa Inggris Tingkat Lanjut Kelas XI Textbook needs to be analyzed in terms of its complexity level, due to its intensive usage in the schools across Indonesia. The primary aim of this study is to assess the lexical density and readability of the reading passages in order to verify that the content is appropriate for the book’s intended level. This research was conducted using a qualitative approach, with a content analysis method. Nine reading passages from Bahasa Inggris Tingkat Lanjut Kelas XI Textbook published in 2021 are the study’s data. The data was retrieved from the official website of the Ministry of Education and Culture to obtain an authorized copy of the textbook in PDF format. Lexical density analysis was carried out through Ure’s (1971) formula by measuring the ratio of lexical words compared to the total number of words in a text. Meanwhile, the Flesch Reading Ease Formula is used to determine how readable the text is, which is calculated from the sentence length and the number of syllables in the words, as proposed by Rudolf Flesch (1949). This analysis was conducted based on both website-based methods and manual checks by the researcher. The results show that all texts exhibit moderate lexical density in a range of 51,57% - 60,77%, which falls into the “not too dense” category or, in other words, quite easy to understand. However, the readability results vary significantly. Only one text is suitable for 11th-grade students as the book’s target audience, with a score of 50.16. Meanwhile, there are three narrative texts that are more suitable for the junior high school level and three expository texts that are more appropriate for the undergraduate level. Paired with Kurikulum Merdeka's Phase F learning outcomes (Capaian Pembelajaran), these findings reveal a pedagogical gap: early narrative texts under-challenge students, while subsequent expository passages far exceed Phase F competency expectations. Therefore, this book may still require adjustment to better suit the intended level of grade XI students.

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