Assessing Pluralism: A Comparative Study of Tafsir al-Kashshāf and Fī Ẓilāl al-Qur’ān within The Framework of Religious Moderation

Raihan, Muhammad Alif (2025) Assessing Pluralism: A Comparative Study of Tafsir al-Kashshāf and Fī Ẓilāl al-Qur’ān within The Framework of Religious Moderation. Undergraduate (S1) thesis, UIN Kediri.

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Abstract

ABSTRACT Muhammad Alif Raihan. Thesis Advisors Dr. Zaenatul Hakamah Lc., MA.Hum. and H. Zainal Muttaqin, MA. Assessing Pluralism: A Comparative Study of Tafsir al-Kashshāf and Fī Ẓilāl al-Qur’ān within The Framework of Religious Moderation. Thesis, Study Program of al-Qur’an and Tafsir Science, Faculty of Ushuluddin and Dakwah, State Islamic Institute (IAIN) of Kediri 2025. Keywords: Comparative tafsir, al‑Kashshāf, Fī Ẓilāl al‑Qur’ān, religious pluralism. This research assesses the concept of religious pluralism through a comparative study of two major Qur’anic exegeses: al-Kashshāf by al-Zamakhsharī and Fī Ẓilāl al-Qur’ān by Sayyid Qutb. Set against the backdrop of Indonesia’s religiously diverse society, the study responds to growing tensions between theological exclusivism and calls for social harmony. It aims to assess how these two exegetes interpret Qur’anic verses related to religious diversity and pluralism, and how their interpretations can inform a balanced Islamic approach to coexistence without compromising doctrinal clarity. The research applies a qualitative library-based method using the muqāran (comparative) approach. Several key verses on pluralism are selected and analyzed through theological, social, and historical-cultural lenses. Al-Zamakhsharī’s interpretation reflects a rational and linguistic style rooted in the Mu‘tazilite tradition, emphasizing the purity of tawḥīd while acknowledging previous revelations. Sayyid Qutb, on the other hand, offers a socio-political perspective, positioning Islam as a comprehensive system that resists religious relativism and upholds ideological consistency within a plural context. The findings show that both commentators firmly reject the notion of theological pluralism that equates all religions as equally true. Instead, they affirm Islam’s exclusivity as the final divine message while recognizing the need for justice, compassion, and respectful engagement with others. This research concludes that religious moderation (wasatiyyah) in Islam must be rooted in sound theology and applied as an ethical framework that supports peaceful coexistence without eroding the boundaries of Islamic belief.

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