KONSEP TA’AWUN DALAM Al-QUR’AN (Studi Komparatif Tafsir al - Qurtubiy Dan Tafsir al -Misbah

Ashimulloh, Ahmad (2026) KONSEP TA’AWUN DALAM Al-QUR’AN (Studi Komparatif Tafsir al - Qurtubiy Dan Tafsir al -Misbah. Masters (S2) thesis, UIN SYEKH WASIL KEDIRI.

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Abstract

ABSTRAK AHMAD ASHIMULLOH, Dosen Pembimbing (1) Dr. M. Qomarul Huda, M.Fil.I dan (2) Dr. Mohamad Zaenal Arifin M.H.I. KONSEP TA’A<WUN DALAM Al- QUR’AN (Studi Komparatif Tafsir Al - Qurt}ubiy Dan Tafsir Al-Misba>h), Thesis, Program Studi Ilmu Al-Qur’an dan Tafsir, Pascasarjana, UIN Syekh Wasil Kediri, 2025. Kata Kunci: Konsep Ta’a <wun , Studi Komparatif , Tafsir Al - Qurt}ubiy , dan Tafsir Al -Misba>h Nilai ta‘āwun sebagai prinsip etis al-Qur’an yang berfungsi mengatur hubungan manusia dengan Allah dan sesama. Nilai ini menjadi semakin relevan di tengah meningkatnya polarisasi sosial dan penyempitan makna keberagamaan yang sering mengabaikan dimensi kemaslahatan kolektif. Dengan mengkaji penafsiran al-Qurṭubī dan Quraish Shihab (al-Miṣbāḥ), penelitian ini menghadirkan dua representasi penting tafsir klasik dan kontemporer untuk melihat bagaimana ta‘āwun dibangun, ditafsirkan, dan diarahkan sebagai etika sosial. Al-Qurṭubī menekankan ta‘āwun dalam bingkai hukum, batas-batas syariat, dan penegakan keadilan, sementara al-Miṣbāḥ memfokuskan ta‘āwun sebagai energi spiritual, moral sosial, dan fondasi harmoni masyarakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode tafsīr mawḍū‘ī dengan pendekatan komparatif. Ayat-ayat terkait ta‘āwun dikumpulkan, dianalisis secara tematik, kemudian dibandingkan berdasarkan kategori konseptual, metodologis, dan implikasi sosial keagamaan dari kedua mufasir. Data dikembangkan melalui studi literatur, analisis tekstual, dan pembacaan kritis terhadap karya utama kedua mufasir, yaitu al-Jāmi‘ li Aḥkām al-Qur’ān dan Tafsīr al-Miṣbāḥ. Analisis difokuskan pada tiga tema besar: isti‘ānah spiritual sebagai fondasi ta‘āwun, ta‘āwun sebagai keadilan sosial dan penolakan kebatilan, serta ta‘āwun sebagai partisipasi kolektif dalam pembangunan masyarakat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keduanya memiliki titik temu pada penegasan bahwa ta‘āwun merupakan nilai universal yang wajib diarahkan kepada al-birr dan at-taqwā, serta tidak boleh digunakan untuk mendukung kezaliman. Namun terdapat perbedaan mendasar: al-Qurṭubī lebih berorientasi pada regulasi hukum, batas tegas antara bantuan yang dibenarkan dan yang dilarang, serta penegasan struktur otoritas dalam menjaga kemaslahatan; sementara al-Miṣbāḥ menghadirkan ta‘āwun sebagai proses spiritual-sosial yang menekankan keteduhan jiwa, stabilitas batin, dan pembinaan masyarakat yang inklusif. Penelitian ini juga menegaskan relevansi ta‘āwun bagi moderasi beragama, karena nilai ini mendorong kerja sama lintas identitas, penolakan ekstremisme, dan penguatan etika hidup bersama dalam keberagaman. ABSTRACT AHMAD ASHIMULLOH, Supervising Lecturer (1) Dr. M. Qomarul Huda, M.Fil.I and (2) Dr. Mohamad Zaenal Arifin M.H.I. THE CONCEPT OF TA’AWUN IN THE QURAN (A Comparative Study of Al - Qurt}ubiy and Al -Misba>h Tafsir), Thesis, Al- Quran and Tafsir Studies Program, Postgraduate, UIN Syekh Wasil Kediri, 2025. Keywords: Ta'awun Concept, Comparative Study, Al - Qurt}ubiy Tafsir, and Al - Misba>h Tafsir. The value of ta'āwun as an ethical principle of the Quran that functions to regulate human relationships with God and with each other. This value becomes increasingly relevant amidst rising social polarization and the narrowing of religious meaning, which often overlooks the dimension of collective well-being. By examining the interpretations of al-Qurṭubī and Quraish Shihab (al-Miṣbāḥ), this study presents two important representations of classical and contemporary exegesis to see how ta‘āwun is constructed, interpreted, and directed as a social ethic. Al-Qurtubi emphasized cooperation within the framework of law, the boundaries of Islamic law, and the enforcement of justice, while al-Misbah focused on cooperation as spiritual energy, social morality, and the foundation of societal harmony. This research uses the thematic interpretation method with a comparative approach. Verses related to ta'āwun were collected, thematically analyzed, and then compared based on conceptual, methodological, and socio-religious implications from the two commentators. Data were developed thru literature studies, textual analysis, and critical reading of the two commentators' main works, namely al-Jāmi‘ li Aḥkām al-Qur’ān and Tafsīr al-Miṣbāḥ. The analysis focuses on three main themes: spiritual assistance as the foundation of cooperation, cooperation as social justice and rejection of falsehood, and cooperation as collective participation in community development. The research findings indicate that both have a common point in affirming that ta'āwun is a universal value that must be directed toward al-birr and at-taqwā, and should not be used to support injustice. However, there is a fundamental difference: al-Qurṭubī is more oriented toward legal regulation, a clear distinction between permissible and forbidden assistance, and the affirmation of authority structures in safeguarding the common good; while al-Miṣbāḥ presents ta‘āwun as a spiritual-social process that emphasizes inner peace, mental stability, and the development of an inclusive society. This research also confirms the relevance of ta'āwun for religious moderation, as this value encourages cross-identity cooperation, rejection of extremism, and strengthening the ethics of living together in diversity.

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