Tindakan Kiai Dalam Pilihan Partai Politik (Studi Pondok Pesantren Jombang Jawa Timur)

Ashar, Salim (2025) Tindakan Kiai Dalam Pilihan Partai Politik (Studi Pondok Pesantren Jombang Jawa Timur). Doctoral (S3) thesis, UIN Syekh Wasil Kediri.

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Abstract

In Indonesian politics, kiai play a significant role as spiritual and social leaders who influence both local and national political dynamics, particularly within the pesantren (Islamic boarding school) community. In Jombang Regency, known as the Kota Santri (City of Santri), the role of kiai extends beyond religious education to active participation in practical politics, including support for specific political parties. This study analyzes the political actions of kiai in Jombang pesantren using Max Weber’s theory of action rationality, Gabriel Almond’s political culture theory, and Pierre Bourdieu’s concept of social capital. The research employs a qualitative method based on interviews and observations in four major pesantren in Jombang: Bahrul Ulum Tambakberas, Mamba’ul Ma’arif Denanyar, Tebuireng, and Darul Ulum Rejoso Peterongan. This study examines the motives and political strategies of kiai in determining their political party choices. The findings reveal that the political choices of kiai are influenced by religious, social, and economic factors, as well as historical ties with Islamic organizations such as Nahdlatul Ulama (NU). The rationality of kiai’s political actions can be classified into four categories: traditional, affective, value-rational, and instrumental-rational. The political culture within pesantren varies between parochial, subject, and participant orientations, which in turn affects the different political strategies adopted by kiai. The social and symbolic capital of kiai enables them to play a strategic role in shaping the political opinions of santri (students) and the pesantren community. However, their political involvement faces challenges, such as the risk of internal polarization and threats to the neutrality of pesantren. The implications of this study highlight that while the political engagement of kiai can enhance political participation within the pesantren community, a balance must be maintained between their spiritual and political roles to preserve the independence of pesantren. These findings are expected to serve as a reference for academics, policymakers, and the pesantren community in formulating more inclusive political strategies.

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